In response to the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer in China and global screening strategies, a collaborative effort was undertaken by seven Chinese medical societies to develop this guidelineⅡfor cervical cancer screening. This guide focuses on standardizing methods for triaging abnormal cervical cancer screening results, with the aim of reducing overdiagnosis and missed diagnosis through refined management. Cervical cytology is currently the main triage method for individuals with positive high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) detection. Primary screening with cytology is managed based on the different risks of their results. In addition, p16/Ki-67 dual stain (DS) is acceptable for triage HPV-positive test results without genotyping or those positive for other (non-16/18) HR-HPV types (12 HR-HPV). It can also be used for triage in co-testing with HPV-positive results (no genotyping or 12HR-HPV) when the cytology result shows NILM, ASC-US and LSIL. Methylation is acceptable for triage of individuals testing 12 HR-HPV-positive. HPV gene integration testing could be used for the triage of HR-HPV positive individuals based on current research results in China. All these new testing methods must utilize reagents that have been approved by authoritative institutions and clinically validated for relevant indications. Additional clinical evidence is required for other methods such as HPV extended genotyping or HPV viral load, etc.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that causes almost all cervical cancers due to high-risk HPV infection. More than 400 different HPV subtypes have been identified in recent years, and most HPV infections are asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously. Women with a normal immune system, starting with high-risk HPV infection, usually take 15 to 20 years to develop cervical cancer, but for immunocompromised women, such as untreated women living with HIV (WLHIV), cervical cancer may progress more quickly (5 to 10 years). In 2006, prophylactic HPV vaccine was developed and marketed, but it has no therapeutic effect on patients who have been infected with HPV or precancerous lesions. The development of therapeutic HPV vaccine may provide an important complement to the current methods for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. Currently, the therapeutic HPV vaccine is in the early clinical trials, which is different from the existing HPV prophylactic vaccine to prevent new HPV infection, therapeutic HPV vaccine will be designed to clear or treat existing HPV infections, their associated precancerous lesions and invasive cervical cancer as well. Therefore, a reasonable therapeutic HPV vaccine development strategy will not only allow the therapeutic HPV vaccine product development enterprises to avoid detours and improve the transformation efficiency, but also benefit patients with HPV infection, related lesions and even cancer as soon as possible. With the goal of clearing infection and treating cervical precancerous lesions. The expert concensus focus on the clinical development direction, target population, characteristic and vaccination programme of therapeutic HPV vaccine, aiming to accelerate and promote the research and development of therapeutic HPV vaccine, and will provide reference for the development of therapeutic HPV vaccine products and the formulation of national policies related to therapeutic HPV vaccine.

预防性人乳头瘤病毒（human papilloma virus， HPV）疫苗接种是预防HPV感染的有效方法，可降低HPV 感染相关疾病的发生。目前国内外临床试验及真实世界研究均表明，预防性HPV疫苗是安全的，具有很好的免疫原性、保护效力和保护效果。优先推荐9~26岁女性接种HPV疫苗，重点是9~14岁女孩；同时推荐27~45岁女性和9~26岁男性接种，倡导男女共防。对于HPV感染或细胞学异常人群、HPV相关病变治疗史人群、遗传易感人群、子宫颈癌发病高风险生活方式人群，以及免疫功能低下人群均推荐预防性HPV疫苗接种。接种HPV疫苗后仍应定期进行子宫颈癌筛查。

Objective To investigate the clinical applicability of human papillomavirus (HPV) point-of-care testing (POCT) in screening cervical intraepithelial lesions in high-risk populations. Methods In 499 patients with colposcopic referral indication, HPV POCT method and Sanger sequencing were used for HPV detection, and the consistency of HPV POCT rapid detection method was compared to evaluate the accuracy of HPV detection. Combined with the pathological results of patients, the clinical prediction performance of cervical intraepithelial lesions in high-risk population was analyzed. Results Among 499 patients, the overall HPV infection rate was 82.57% (412/499). The overall coincidence rate between HPV POCT method and Sanger sequencing technology was 90.49% (1 094/1 209). Taking Sanger sequencing detection results as a reference, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of HPV POCT method were higher than 90.00%, and the Kappa consistency coefficient was greater than 0.90 (P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of HPV POCT for screening of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ and CIN 3 is comparable to that of Sanger sequencing. Conclusions HPV POCT method demonstrated high consistency with Sanger sequencing in terms of HPV detection and CIN 2+prediction.

卵巢癌（ovarian cancer, OC）缺乏有效的早期检测手段，大多数的卵巢癌通常被诊断为转移性病变，其复发率很高，极易发生耐药，使得临床治疗卵巢癌的效果受到局限。目前手术加化疗联合靶向药物维持治疗是各大指南推荐晚期卵巢癌和复发性卵巢癌的标准治疗模式，但仍存在较大治疗争议。因此，寻找克服卵巢癌复发和耐药患者潜在治疗新策略仍是临床急需解决的问题。最近提出一种新的调节性细胞死亡方式——“铜死亡（cuprotosis）”，铜是一切生物体代谢必不可少的辅因子，它能通过多种机制诱发细胞死亡。“铜死亡”的提出为铜所诱发的细胞死亡又增添了新思路，在肿瘤的预防与治疗中也具有巨大的潜力。因此，本文概述铜死亡及铜代谢抗肿瘤的作用机理及其在卵巢癌变中的研究进展，为卵巢癌治疗提供新的基础。

Objective To investigate the efficacy and side effects of different combined strategies of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein 1 ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Methods By searching Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane library, literature on PD-1/PD-L1 immunosuppressants combined with different strategies for ovarian cancer up to November 2023 was collected for quality assessment and data extraction. The meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 and Stata 15.0 software. Results Eleven single-arm studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with different regimens [chemotherapy agents, polyadenosine diphosphoribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, and anti-vascular targeting agents] in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer were clinically beneficial, with an objective response rate of 24%. The heterogeneity was 60%, and the causes were analyzed by subgroups. The results showed that the objective remission rate of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combined with anti-vascular targeted drugs in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer was 25%, and the disease control rate was 60%. The objective response rate of combined anti-vascular targeting drugs was 64%. Treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with different drugs had a progression-free survival rate of 43% at 6 months, 26% at 12 months, and 79% overall at 12 months. The incidence of grade 3~5 adverse reactions was 28%, with hypertension, nausea and anemia being the most common. Conclusions PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with different regiments in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer significantly improved the survival and prognosis of patients. And the incidence of adverse reactions is considerable.

Objective To explore the effects of Funing vaginal dilation supposit on the inhibition, proliferation, migration and apoptosis of cervical cancer cell line (SiHa). Methods Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) 16 positive cervical cancer cell line (SiHa) in logarithmic growth phase was randomly divided into control group and drug group. The DMEM medium with 10％ fetal bovine serum was used as the control group, and the DMEM medium with 10％ fetal bovine serum and Funing vaginal suppository solution were used to prepare the drug group with concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 30 and 100 mg/mL, respectively. SiHa cells were treated with different concentrations of drug solutions for 48 h and 120 h, and the optimal drug concentration was calculated by cell proliferation and toxicity detection (CCK-8 method). CCK-8 method and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the effect of drugs on the proliferation ability of SiHa cells. Cell migration assay (Transwell) was used to evaluate the effect of drugs on the migration ability of SiHa cells; Apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. Results ① Compared to the control group, a significant reduction in the OD value of SiHa cells was observed after treatment with 0.01 g/mL or higher drug concentrations for 48 h and 120 h (P<0.05). ② After 4 days of treatment with 0.01 g/mL drug concentration, there were significant  differences in the fluorescent area of immunofluorescence Ki-67 and the Ki-67/DAPI ratio between the drug-treated group and the control group (P=0.048; P=0.023). ③ A significant difference was observed in the number of migrated SiHa cells between the drug-treated group and the control group after 4 days of treatment with 0.01g/mL drug concentration (P=0.006). 
④ There was a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells after 4 days of treatment with 0.01g/mL drug concentration (P<0.001). Conclusions Funing vaginal suppository has a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells (SiHa), and promote apoptosis of SiHa cells. This may provide new diagnostic and therapeutic ideas for preventing patients with HPV 16 positive infection from further developing cervical cancer.

Objective To investigate the carcinogenic mechanisms of molecular abnormalities in high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HG-ESS). Methods The clinicopathological data of 21 patients with HG-ESS were retrospectively analyzed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on the tumor samples using YWHAE single fusion translocation probe. RNA sequencing was performed on 5 patients with accessible tumor tissues to verify the fusion status. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) were performed for patients with YWHAE-NUTM2B fusion to verify the fusion function. Based on Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, survival analysis was performed on patients with positive and negative YWHAE fusion. Results The average age at diagnosis of the 21 HG-ESS patients was (46.1±12.6) years old, and HG-ESS patients all had abnormal vaginal bleeding symptom. FISH results of 21 HG-ESS patients were negative in 11 cases, positive in 7 cases, and atypical in 3 cases. The RNA sequencing results of 5 accessible tissue samples showed that YWHAE-NUTM2B typical fusion was detected in 1 FISH-positive and 1 FISH-atypical patient, and no fusion was detected in 3 FISH-negative samples. The nuclear expression of the fusion gene product (14-3-3ε) was confirmed by IHC and IF in two cases with YWHAE-NUTM2B fusion detected using RNA sequencing. Kaplan-Meier survival curve suggested that the YWHAE fusion positive group survived slightly better than the YWHAE fusion negative group, but the difference between these two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions FISH and RNA sequencing methods are effective techniques for differential diagnosis of HG-ESS. RNA sequencing should be performed in HG-ESS patients with negative and atypical YWHAE fusion FISH results to check the presence of YWHAE fusion or other specific structural variants.

女性外阴整形是人体整形的一部分，随着女性生殖健康和美学理念的变化，小阴唇整形被更多女性所接受，其手术量跃居首位，与此同时却忽略了阴蒂包皮冗余的处理。近年来，在对小阴唇整形的同时也关注阴蒂包皮整形，将其作为一个整体，而阴蒂肿大的分类、手术方式、并发症等尚无统一定论，本文通过文献回顾对上述问题进行介绍。

宫颈癌是严重威胁女性健康的疾病。在消除宫颈癌的预防策略中除了应用预防性人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗外，治疗性HPV疫苗的研发和临床试验得到了科学家的高度关注。本综述重点介绍了治疗性HPV DNA疫苗的全球研发现状、临床试验情况、适应症的选择、给药方式的选择、与其他种类治疗性HPV疫苗联合接种以及与免疫检查点抑制剂联合治疗的情况，初步临床试验结果显示了治疗性HPV疫苗一定的有效性和安全性，显示未来可能有良好应用前景。目前临床研究中治疗性HPV疫苗的适应症主要是宫颈癌前病变和HPV相关癌症，最近WHO倡议其治疗人群扩展到HPV感染患者，预防癌前病变和癌症的发生，挽救更多的生命。

细胞间信息交流是维持机体各种组织器官发育的基本作用机制。众所周知，良好的子宫内膜容受性能够提高胚胎种植，依赖于细胞间信息传递的主要调节因素-外泌体。在外泌体合成过程中，不同细胞的囊泡中含有不同的物质，因此，外泌体包含的遗传和蛋白质组信息有望成为子宫内膜疾病的生物标记物或治疗靶点。本文对外泌体在子宫内膜方面的应用进行了文献综述, 以便为临床研究提供理论依据。

全氟化合物（per and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS）是具有生殖毒性的环境内分泌干扰物，已经在包括卵泡液在内的人体多种体液中检测到，流行病学研究发现与女性月经稀发或闭经、多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS）、不良妊娠结局等有关。颗粒细胞对于维持卵母细胞的发育和卵巢功能有重要作用，而卵泡液中PFAS主要作用于颗粒细胞造成颗粒细胞功能障碍、卵母细胞发育异常、卵巢功能损伤，进而损害女性生育能力。近年来，PFAS对卵巢功能的影响及其机制研究正广泛进行，本文关注PFAS对颗粒细胞影响的研究现状并进行综述。

加速康复外科（enhanced recovery after surgery, ERAS）是通过优化围手术期医疗服务流程和措施以促进患者术后恢复的诊疗理念。妇科盆底重建术患者由于年龄较大，合并症发生率较高，故需采取一系列措施对患者围手术期管理进行优化。目前ERAS理念在盆底重建相关领域逐渐得到重视，但其应用仍处于起步阶段，需不断临床实践对其优化和标准化。因此，本文通过综述近年来的相关文献，就ERAS理念在妇科盆底重建术中的临床应用现状进行综述，为其应用和发展研究提供参考。

类器官作为拥有三维结构的微型组织，具备自我更新、自我组装以及维持来源组织结构和生理功能的能力，被视为理想的临床研究模型。在妇产科领域，类器官展现出巨大的潜力，为精准治疗和个体化医疗提供了重要支持。在女性生殖系统中，类器官可用于研究疾病的发生发展机制、个体化治疗方案的制定以及临床前药物筛选等领域。本文着重就类器官在女性生殖系统相关疾病诊治研究中，特别是妇科良性疾病、恶性疾病及母胎医学中应用的研究进展作一简要综述。