15 May 2026, Volume 27 Issue 3

    

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  Clinical challenges and life-course management of chronic hypertension in pregnancy

  TIAN Ning, CHEN Yi.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 193-195. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.001

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  Clinical characteristics in puerperae with placenta previa complicated with placenta accreta and Logistic regression analysis of postpartum hemorrhage

  BAI Hengyi, CHEN Benfang, FENG Yun, YANG Zhu, CHEN Shan.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 196-199. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.002

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  Objective To observe the clinical characteristics in puerperae with placenta previa (PP) complicated with placenta accreta, and to analyze the high risk factors affecting postpartum hemorrhage. Methods Totally 107 PP patients in the Zunyi First People's Hospital hospital were included from December 2019 to December 2024. The clinical characteristics and occurrence of postpartum hemorrhage in PP patients with placenta accreta were observed, and logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage. Results The gravidity and parity, previous uterine operation history, proportions of complete and partial PP, age, human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in PP patients with placenta accreta were higher than those in patients with non-placenta accreta (P<0.05) while the uterine artery resistance index (RI) was lower than that in patients with non-placenta accreta (P<0.05). The proportions of complete and partial PP, proportion of placenta accreta, age and levels of β-hCG and AFP in patients with postpartum hemorrhage were higher (P<0.05) while the uterine artery RI was lower compared to patients without postpartum hemorrhage (P<0.05). Logistic regression model analysis suggested that age and PP with placenta accreta were risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage (P<0.05), and uterine artery RI was a protective factor (P<0.05). ROC curve indicated that the AUC, SE, sensitivity and specificity of age, PP with placenta accreta and uterine artery RI in evaluating postpartum hemorrhage were 0.878 (0.809-0.947), 0.035 (P<0.001), 0.838 and 0.771 respectively. Conclusions PP patients with placenta accreta have higher gravidity and parity, previous uterine operation history, proportions of complete and partial PP, age, β-hCG and AFP, and lower uterine artery RI, which may be helpful for identification. In addition, patients with older age, lower uterine artery RI and PP with placenta accreta need to be alert to the risk of postpartum hemorrhage.
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  Detection and clinical significance of serum PlGF and sFlt-1 in patients with early-onset severe preeclampsia

  LIU Peng, HAN Senji, SUN Yi.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 200-203. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.003

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  Objective To explore expressions and clinical significance of serum placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and sFlt-1/PlGF in pregnant women with early-onset severe preeclampsia (EOSPE). Methods A total of 91 patients with EOSPE admitted to Zibo First Hospital were enrolled as observation group between June 2020 and June 2024, while 91 normal pregnant women undergoing cesarean section during the same period were enrolled as control group according to the principle of propensity matching. The levels of serum PlGF and sFlt-1, and sFlt-1/PlGF were compared between the two groups, and their relationship with blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and umbilical artery flow parameters [peak systolic velocity/end diastolic velocity (S/D), pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI)] was analyzed. The predictive value of serum PlGF, sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF in adverse pregnancy outcomes in EOSPE patients was evaluated by ROC curves. Results Compared with control group, level of serum PlGF was lower in observation group, sFlt-1 level and sFlt-1/PlGF were higher, SBP, DBP and S/D were higher (P<0.05). The level of serum PlGF was negatively correlated with SBP, DBP and S/D (P<0.05), while sFlt-1 level and sFlt-1/PlGF were positively correlated with them (P<0.05). Compared with good pregnancy outcome group, level of serum PlGF was lower, while sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF were higher in adverse pregnancy outcome group. ROC curves analysis showed that AUC values of serum PlGF, sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in EOSPE patients were 0.822, 0.862 and 0.907, showing high diagnostic value (P<0.05). AUC of sFlt-1/PlGF was higher (P<0.05). Conclusion The decrease of serum PlGF and increase of sFlt-1 and sFlt-1/PlGF are correlated with disease progression in EOSPE patients, and sFlt-1/PlGF has certain predictive value in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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  Risk factors analysis and Nomogram prediction model construction for postpartum bleeding in patients with placenta previa

  GUO Jian, ZHANG Tong, CHENG Jiayi.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 204-207. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.004

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  Objective To construct a Nomogram prediction model for postpartum bleeding in patients with placenta previa. Methods Patients with placenta previa who visited Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Hospital for delivery between January 2022 and January 2025 were included. Based on the bleeding situation within 24 hours after delivery, they were grouped into a bleeding group of 50 cases and a non bleeding group of 248 cases. LASSO regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to screen predictive factors for postpartum bleeding in patients with placenta previa. R software was used to build Nomogram. Validate the Nomogram model using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA). Results The screening results of LASSO regression analysis and multi-factor logistic regression analysis revealed that, age≥35 years old, high prenatal BMI, cesarean sections≥2 times, prenatal bleeding, and placental implantation were the influencing factors of postpartum bleeding in patients with placenta previa (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curve was 0.889, indicating good discriminability. The calibration curve demonstrates good consistency between actual and predicted values, with a Hosmer-Lemeshow test of χ2=6.284, P=0.615, the calibration was good. DCA results showed that when the high-risk threshold probability range was between 0.03 and 0.87, the net benefit obtained was high. Conclusions The Nomogram model constructed in this study predicts the risk of postpartum hemorrhage in patients with placenta previa, which helps clinicians develop preoperative surgical plans.
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  Comparison of application of interrupted suture and heart-shaped tension-reducing suture for abdominal wall incision in cesarean section with scarred uterus#br#

  XU Xiaolin, WANG Hui, XU Zijuan, YU Shuqin.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 208-210. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.005

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  Objective To compare the application effects of interrupted suture and heart-shaped tension-reducing suture for abdominal wall incision in cesarean section with scarred uterus. Methods A total of 108 with scarred uterus who received cesarean section in the hospital were selected from January 2023 to December 2024. According to the different surgical suture methods, they were divided into conventional group (conventional interrupted suture, 52 cases) and study group (heart-shaped tension-reducing suture, 56 cases). The surgery-related indicators, pain status, incision healing status, scar conditions and occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups of patients. Results The incision suture time and incision healing time of patients in study group were shorter than those in conventional group (P<0.05). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score in both groups was gradually decreased at 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery compared with that at 1 day after surgery, and the score in study group was lower than that in conventional group (P<0.05). At 7 days after surgery, the incision healing status in study group was better than that in conventional group (P<0.05). The Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score, width of the widest scar and thickness of protruded skin in study group at 6 weeks of follow-up after surgery were lower than those in conventional group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in study group was lower compared to conventional group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with interrupted suture, abdominal wall incision heart-shaped tension-reducing suture during cesarean section of scarred uterus can more effectively shorten the incision suture time and healing time of patients.
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  Clinical significance of serum PSG1, FKN and NEP expression in patients with preeclampsia

  ANG Jing, YANG Huanxin, ZHU Zhu, TANG Ping, XIAO Jianping.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 211-213. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.006

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  Objective To study Clinical significance of serum Pregnancy specific protein 1 (PSG1), irregular chemokine (FKN) and enkephalase (NEP) expression. Methods 160 patients with preeclampsia treated at the Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng City from January 2022 to December 2024 were selected as the case group, and 130 healthy pregnant women undergoing routine prenatal checkups at the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. Changes in serum levels of PSG1, FKN, and NEP in both groups were analyzed, along with their predictive value. Results Serum levels of FKN and NEP in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while serum PSG1 was significantly lower in the case group (P<0.05). Serum FKN and NEP levels in mild preeclampsia group were significantly lower than those in severe preeclampsia group, and serum PSG1 level was significantly higher than that in severe preeclampsia group, the difference was significant (P<0.05); The serum FKN and NEP levels in the good maternal and infant outcome group were significantly lower than those in the poor maternal and infant outcome group, and the serum PSG1 level was significantly higher than that in the poor maternal and infant outcome group, the difference was significant (P<0.05); ROC results showed that the AUC of serum PSG1, FKN, NEP were 0.850, 0.724, 0.895 and 0.965, respectively, and the sensitivity was 83.40%, 80.30% and 86.80/90.30, respectively. The specificity was 88.20%, 83.40%, 90.50% and 94.40, respectively, and the truncation values were 156.16 μg/ml, 488.57 pg/ml, 106.52 U/L, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion Abnormal expression of serum PSG1, FKN, and NEP in patients with preeclampsia may be involved in the occurrence of preeclampsia.
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  Relationship between ultrasound arterial blood flow parameters, serum VASH1 and Gas6 and preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction

  SUN Jianghui, BIAN Zhimin, SHEN Xueyan, HAO Li, WANG Li'na, LI Yaqin

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 214-217. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.007

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  Objective To explore the relationship of ultrasound arterial blood flow parameters, serum vasohibin-1 (VASH1) and growth arrest specific protein 6 (Gas6) with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Methods 160 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 80 healthy pregnant women who were admitted to the Zhongshan Hospital District of Shijiazhuang fourth hospital from January 2022 to December 2024 were assigned into observation group and control group respectively. Both groups received ultrasound examination and serum VASH1 and Gas6 detection. The ultrasound arterial blood flow parameters [resistance index (RI), uterine artery pulsatility index (PI), systolic/diastolic velocity ratio (S/D)] and serum VASH1 and Gas6 levels were compared. Pregnant women with preeclampsia were followed up and divided into FGR group and non-FGR group according to whether they were complicated with FGR, and the ultrasound arterial blood flow parameters and serum VASH1 and Gas6 were compared, and the predictive value of ultrasound arterial blood flow parameters and serum VASH1 and Gas6 on FGR in pregnant women with preeclampsia were analyzed. Results Compared with the control group, the RI, PI, S/D and serum VASH1 and Gas6 in the observation group were higher (P<0.05). The evaluated efficiency of combined detection with ultrasound arterial blood flow parameters and serum VASH1 and Gas6 was superior to that of single detection in the evaluation of preeclampsia (P<0.05). The RI, PI, S/D and serum VASH1 and Gas6 were higher in the FGR group than those in the non-FGR group (P<0.05). The predictive efficiency of combined detection was better than that of single detection for FGR in pregnant women with preeclampsia (P<0.05). Conclusions Ultrasound arterial blood flow parameters and serum VASH1 and Gas6 levels are related to preeclampsia and FGR. The combined detection of these indicators can enhance the evaluated efficiency and predictive efficiency on preeclampsia and FGR.
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  Comparison of the effects of different doses of butorphanol combined with fentanyl citrate on stress state and traction response after cesarean section

  CAI Huan, LI Sai, ZHOU Jing, LI Zhengxu.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 218-220. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.008

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  Objective To compare the effects of different doses of butorphanol combined with fentanyl citrate on stress state and traction response after cesarean section. Methods Clinical data of 90 women who underwent cesarean section in Huaian Maternity and Children Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were collected. All of them were treated with butorphanol combined with fentanyl citrate for postoperative analgesia, and were divided into groups according to different doses. GroupⅠreceived 1mg butorphanol combined with 0.2 mg fentanyl citrate, GroupⅡreceived 2 mg butorphanol combined with 0.2 mg fentanyl citrate, and GroupⅢreceived 3 mg butorphanol combined with 0.2 mg fentanyl citrate. Three stress states [endothelin-1 (ET-1), cortisol (Cor), norepinephrine (NE)], traction response, postoperative recovery indicators, and adverse reactions were compared. Results At 12 hours after surgery, the levels of ET-1, Cor, and NE in all three groups increased compared to the end of the surgery, but the levels of indicators in groupⅢwere lower than those in groupsⅠandⅡ(P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative traction reaction in GroupⅢwas lower than that in GroupⅠand GroupⅡ(P<0.05). There was no statistical significant difference in postoperative exhaust time, ambulation time, breastfeeding time, and incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusions The use of different doses of butorphanol combined with fentanyl citrate in postpartum women after cesarean section is relatively safe. Among them, 3 mg butorphanol combined with 0.2 mg fentanyl citrate effectively reduces postoperative stress and traction reactions in postpartum women.
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  The predictive value of serum SAA and uE3 combined with uterine electromyography monitoring on the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women

  SHEN Yan, GUO Huiping, ZHANG Lin, MAO Yahong, YU Lingjue.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 221-223. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.009

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  Objective To investigate the predictive value of serum amyloid A (SAA) and free estriol (uE3) combined with uterine electromyography (EHG) for the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women. Methods A total of 114 pregnant women who underwent prenatal check-ups at Zhangjiagang Hospital affiliated with Soochow University from February 2024 to February 2025 were selected. According to the follow-up delivery time, they were divided into preterm (as the preterm group) and full-term pregnancies (as the control group). Serum SAA and uE3 levels were measured; logistic analysis was used to examine related influencing factors; ROC curves were plotted to analyze the predictive value of serum SAA, uE3, and combined EHG for preterm birth risk in pregnant women. Results Compared with the control group, the preterm group showed increased levels of serum SAA, root mean square (RMS), and total power (P<0.05), and decreased levels of uE3 (P<0.05). Logistic analysis indicated that SAA, uE3, RMS, and total power were influencing factors for the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women (P<0.05). According to the ROC curve, the combined prediction of maternal preterm birth risk using serum SAA, uE3, RMS, and total power had an AUC of 0.889, and the combined prediction was better than each individual predictor alone (Z=2.724, Z=2.731, Z=2.724, Z=2.731, all P<0.05). Conclusions Serum SAA and uE3, as well as root mean square and total power, are abnormally expressed in pregnant women with preterm birth. The combination of serum SAA, uE3, and EHG detection has certain application value in predicting the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women.
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  Association between F5 and MTHFR gene polymorphisms and the risk of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis following cesarean section in patients with preeclampsia

  YANG Jianli, YUN Rongna, ZHANG Yi, CHEN Juan, ZHAO Xiaohui, LIU Qiaofang.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 224-227. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.010

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  Objective To investigate the relationship between the polymorphism of coagulation factor V (F5) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genes and the risk of lower limb deep vein thrombosis (LDVT) formation after cesarean section in patients with preeclampsia. Methods 266 patients with preeclampsia who underwent cesarean section in the obstetrics department of Xinxiang Central Hospital from January 2023 to October 2024 were selected as the research subjects. The F5 and MTHFR gene polymorphisms were detected 24 hours after surgery, and the genotypes and alleles of the F5 and MTHFR genes were statistically analyzed. Two weeks after the operation, the patients were divided into the thrombosis group and the non-thrombosis group based on the occurrence of LDVT. The baseline data and the polymorphisms of F5 and MTHFR genes of the two groups were compared. The influencing factors of LDVT occurrence were analyzed through Logistic regression, a nomogram model was constructed, and its predictive value for LDVT was evaluated. Results The proportion of AA genotype of F5 G1691A gene and TT genotype of MTHFR C677T gene in the thrombosis group were 22.58% and 29.03%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the non thrombosis group (5.88% and 3.92%, respectively) (P<0.05). The allele frequency analysis showed that the A allele. Conclusions The polymorphism of F5 and MTHFR genes is closely related to the occurrence of LDVT after cesarean section in patients with preeclampsia. The AA genotype of F5 gene and the TT genotype of MTHFR gene increase the risk of LDVT.
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  Construction of a predictive model for biochemical pregnancy after IVF-ET in patients with secondary infertility caused by endometritis

  YE Yanqin, HU Yueyue, ZHANG Zhenzhen, XU Qian, WANG Zixuan, SUN Zhifeng.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 228-230. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.011

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  Objective To investigate the factors of biochemical pregnancy after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in patients with secondary infertility due to endometritis, and to establish a predictive model. Methods Clinical data of 112 women with secondary infertility caused by endometritis who received IVF-ET intervention at the Affiliated People's Hospital of Hubei Medical College from January 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively collected. They were divided into an occurrence group (n=72) and a non occurrence group (n=40) based on whether biochemical pregnancy occurred within 28 days after transplantation. The influencing factors were discussed and the prediction model was constructed accordingly. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that older age, higher body mass index (BMI), diabetes, positive expression of CD38, positive expression of CD138, large endometrial thickness, progesterone≥1.5 ng/ml, follicle stimulating hormone≥10 IU/L were the risk factors for post IVF-ET generative pregnancy in infertile patients with endometritis (P<0.05). A calibration curve was drawn to show that the prediction model had good accuracy. The ROC curve suggested that the above model had good predictive performance. Conclusions Older age, larger BMI, diabetes, CD38 positive expression, CD138 positive expression, endometrial thickening, high progesterone and follicle stimulating hormone on HCG day are risk factors for biochemical pregnancy after IVF-ET in infertile patients with endometritis secondary to IVF-ET. The prediction model based on the above factors has a good predictive effect.
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  Laparoscopic round ligament vaginal stump suspension for moderate to severe uterine prolapse and its effects on postoperative stress and urodynamics

  ZHOU Hongyu, NI Ming, JIA Shuo, LIU Tingting.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 231-234. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.012

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  Objective To analyze the efficacy of laparoscopic-assisted round ligament vaginal stump suspension in treating moderate to severe uterine prolapse and its effects on postoperative stress and urodynamics. Methods A total of 108 patients with moderate to severe uterine prolapse admitted to the Department of Gynecology at Hanyang Hospital in Wuhan from January 2021 to June 2024 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into a control group and a study group. Both groups underwent hysterectomy via vaginal approach. The control group received combined treatment with anterior vaginal wall repair, whilst the study group underwent combined treatment with laparoscopic (assisted) round ligament vaginal stump suspension. Surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups. The surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results The operative time in the study group was longer than that in the control group, but the time to first ambulation and hospital stay were shorter than those in the control group. The level of the vaginal stump at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05). At 7 days postoperatively, the levels of serum pain stress indicators in the study group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). At 1 month postoperatively, the urodynamic parameters in the study group were higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic (assisted) round ligament vaginal stump suspension shortens postoperative recovery time in patients with moderate to severe uterine prolapse, improves urodynamic function, reduces postoperative stress, and offers favourable safety profiles.
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  Analysis of occurrence and influencing factors of uterine bleeding after hysteroscopic cold knife resection in patients with endometrial polyps

  JIANG Yu, AO Feng, LI Jiadai.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 235-237. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.013

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  Objective To observe the occurrence of uterine bleeding and explore its influencing factors in patients with endometrial polyps after hysteroscopic cold knife resection. Methods The clinical data of 132 patients with endometrial polyps admitted to Chongqing Yubei District People’s Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received hysteroscopic cold knife resection. The occurrence of postoperative uterine bleeding was counted. The influencing factors of uterine bleeding in patients with endometrial polyps after hysteroscopic cold knife resection were analyzed. Results Among the 132 patients, 46 cases had postoperative uterine bleeding, with an incidence of 34.85%. Multivariate analysis indicated that previous history of uterine surgery, polyp size, uterine fibroids/endometriosis, and preoperative anemia were the influencing factors of uterine bleeding in patients with endometrial polyps after hysteroscopic cold knife resection (P<0.05). Conclusions Uterine bleeding after hysteroscopic cold knife resection in patients with endometrial polyps is affected by many factors. In-depth understanding of these factors can help physicians better predict and manage postoperative bleeding, thereby improving the prognosis of patients.
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  Association between dietary index of gut microbiota and female infertility: a mediating effect analysis based on a nationally representative sample

  LIU Xinyu, ZHANG Tingting, LI Menghui, HAN Songyun, LI Hua.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 238-241. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.014

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  Objective To investigate the association between the Diet Index of Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) and female infertility. Methods Data from three cycles (2013-2018) of the NHANES database were analyzed. Female infertility was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (item RHQ074), and dietary recall data were used to calculate the DI-GM. The relationship between DI-GM and female infertility was analyzed using multivariable weighted logistic regression. The potential mediating effects of METS-IR, SII, and NPAR were explored. Secondary analyses included restricted cubic spline (RCS) and subgroup analyses. Results Multivariable weighted logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher DI-GM score was associated with a lower prevalence of female infertility (DI-GM: OR=0.83, 95%CI=0.72-0.95,
  P=0.017). A linear relationship was observed between the DI-GM score and infertility. A positive correlation was found between METS-IR and the prevalence of female infertility (METS-IR: OR=1.04, 95%CI=1.02-1.06, P<0.001). RCS analysis indicated non-linear relationships between METS-IR, NPAR, SII, and female infertility. A significant mediating effect of METS-IR was observed (mediation proportion: 16.011%, 95%CI: 5.266%-49%, P=0.002). Conclusions The DI-GM is negatively correlated with the prevalence of female infertility. METS-IR exhibits a significant mediating effect.
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  Analysis of influencing factors and predictive efficacy of ovarian immature teratoma recurrence

  FENG Qian, LIU Jia, LI Xiaoxu.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 242-245. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.015

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  Objective To construct a risk prediction model for the recurrence of ovarian immature. Methods A total of 120 patients with ovarian teratoma admitted to the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang City from January 2023 to May 2024 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into a 21 recurrence group and a 99 non-recurrence group based on whether the patients had recurrence after surgery. The clinical data of the two groups were compared, and univariate/multivariate Logistic analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of recurrence in patients with ovarian teratoma. The ROC curve was used to analyze the clinical efficacy of the above influencing factors in predicting the recurrence of patients with ovarian teratoma. Results Comparisons of age, disease duration, body mass index, number of pregnancies, number of deliveries, average maximum tumor diameter, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, location and blood flow signals between the two groups (P>0.05); Comparison of tumor types, CA125, CA199 and ultrasound indicators between the two groups (P<0.05). The independent variables were set as indicators with differences in general data, including immature teratoma, tumor stage, tumor grade, CA125, CA199, peak systolic flow velocity, mean flow velocity, and pulsatility index. The dependent variable was recurrence in patients with ovarian teratoma. Univariate logistic regression analysis was conducted, and the results showed that The influencing factors of recurrence in patients with ovarian teratoma are immature teratoma, tumor stage, tumor grade, CA125, CA199, peak systolic velocity, mean velocity, and pulsatility index. Factors with statistical significance in univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis, including immature teratoma, tumor stage, tumor grade, CA125, CA199, peak systolic flow velocity, mean flow velocity, and pulsatility index. The dependent variable was recurrence in patients with ovarian teratoma. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted, and the results showed that The influencing factors of recurrence in patients with ovarian teratoma are immature teratoma, tumor stage, tumor grade, CA125, and CA199. The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of the combined diagnosis were all higher than those of immature teratoma, tumor stage, tumor grade, CA125 and CA199 (P<0.05). Conclusion Immature teratoma, tumor stage, tumor grade, CA125, and CA199 are the influencing factors for the recurrence of patients with ovarian teratoma, and the combined diagnosis of the recurrence of patients with ovarian teratoma has a higher efficacy.
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  Incidence of vaginal wall involvement in cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and its impact on margin status after loop electrosurgical excision procedure

  REN Xiaoshuang, CHEN Ruxin, ZHAI Hui.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 246-249. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.016

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  Objective To evaluate the incidence of vaginal wall involvement in patients with cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and to explore its impact on margin status and short-term outcomes after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Methods A total of 126 HSIL patients who underwent LEEP at a hospital from January 2023 to February 2025 were selected and divided into an observation group (19 cases, with vaginal wall involvement) and a control group (107 cases, without vaginal wall involvement) based on colposcopic and pathological findings. Surgical indicators (including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, lesion width, lesion depth, and margin status) and postoperative follow-up indicators at 6 months (such as TCT results, HPV status, residual lesion rate, and recurrence rate) were compared between the two groups. Results Before intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups (P>0.05). After intervention, the observation group had higher operation time, intraoperative blood loss, lesion width, lesion depth, and positive margin rate than the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). At the 6-month follow-up, the observation group showed higher rates of abnormal TCT, residual lesions, and recurrence than the control group (P<0.05), while no significant difference was found in HPV positivity between groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Vaginal wall involvement may increase the complexity of LEEP surgery, leading to higher positive margin rates and poorer outcomes, highlighting the importance of preoperative assessment of vaginal wall status to optimize treatment strategies.
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  Efficacy of CRP/ALB ratio combined with ROMA index in predicting survival of patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer

  LIU Chenxi, TANG Ting, CHEN Guanxiang.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 250-253. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.017

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  Objective To investigate the efficacy of the CAR combined with the ROMA index in predicting the survival of patients with advanced HGSOC. Methods 68 patients with advanced HGSOC admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to November 2023 were enrolled. CAR and ROMA indices were calculated, and patients were stratified into low/high CAR and low/high ROMA groups based on mean values. Patients were followed for one year. ROC curves were plotted to assess the predictive performance of CAR combined with ROMA for survival. Results Significant differences were found between high and low CAR groups in FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis, and serum CA125 levels at diagnosis (P<0.05). Significant differences were found between high and low ROMA groups in menopausal status, FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis, and serum CA125 levels at diagnosis (P<0.05). After one year, 50 patients (73.53%) survived. Survival rates were lower in the high CAR and high ROMA groups (P<0.05). The deceased group had higher CAR and ROMA levels, and differences were observed in FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis, and serum CA125 levels at diagnosis (P<0.05). CAR, ROMA index, FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis, and serum CA125 levels were independent risk factors for survival (P<0.05). The AUCs for predicting survival using CAR, ROMA index, and their combination were 0.806, 0.819, and 0.920, respectively. Conclusions High pre-treatment CAR and ROMA index are independent risk factors for survival in advanced HGSOC patients. Their combination has high predictive value for one-year survival.
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  Analysis of the therapeutic effect of microwave combined with interferon and anti HPV β - glucan functional dressing on HR-HPV persistent infection after LEEP surgery

  DING Junshan, XU Wei, LI Yuanyuan, CAI Haiyu, WU Junmei, LIU Aizhen.

  Chinese Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2026, 27(3): 254-258. https://doi.org/10.13390/j.issn.1672-1861.2026.03.018

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  Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of microwave combined with interferon and anti human papillomavirus (HPV) β- glucan functional dressing in the treatment of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) persistent infection after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Methods A retrospective collection of clinical data was conducted on 102 patients with persistent HR-HPV infection who underwent LEEP surgery at Women & Infants Hospital of Zhengzhou from January 2022 to August 2024. According to different treatment plans, they were divided into a control group of 52 cases (treated with interferon and anti HPV β- glucan functional dressings) and an observation group of 50 cases (treated with microwave combined interferon and anti HPV β- glucan functional dressings). The HPV negative conversion rate, vaginal microecology and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared in both groups. Results After 3 months of treatment, the HPV seroconversion rate in the observation group was significantly higher (P<0.05). The diversity and density of vaginal microbiota in the observation group were better (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The application of microwave combined with interferon and anti HPV β- glucan functional dressings in patients with persistent HR-HPV infection after LEEP surgery can more effectively promote HPV seroconversion and improve vaginal microbiota, with good therapeutic safety.